Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006) - Liechtenstein (2004)

Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006) z Liechtenstein (2004)

	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006)	Liechtenstein (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,950; female 3,014) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,745; female 11,837) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 1,598; female 2,292) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Airports	-	none (2003 est.)
Area	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US.
Birth rate	-	10.65 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Capital	-	Vaduz
Climate	antarctic	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Coastline	101.9 km	0 km (doubly landlocked)
Constitution	-	5 October 1921
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands abbreviation: HIMI	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein
Currency	-	Swiss franc (CHF)
Death rate	-	6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$0 (2001)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
Disputes - international	none	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Exchange rates	-	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
Exports	-	$2.47 billion (1996)
Exports - commodities	-	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Exports - partners	-	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: 40% services: NA (1999)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	11% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates	53 06 S, 72 31 E	47 16 N, 9 32 E
Geography - note	-	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Highways	-	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector
Imports	-	$917.3 million (1996)
Imports - commodities	-	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Imports - partners	-	EU, Switzerland
Independence	-	23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	-	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 4.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1% (2001)
International organization participation	-	CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Labor force	-	29,000 of whom 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 1.3%, industry 47.4%, services 51.3% (31 December 2001 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2001)
Languages	-	German (official), Alemannic dialect
Legal system	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.4 years male: 75.8 years female: 83.02 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Location	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Map references	Antarctic Region	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
National holiday	-	Assumption Day, 15 August
Nationality	-	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein
Natural hazards	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island	NA
Natural resources	fish	hydroelectric potential, arable land
Net migration rate	-	4.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 20 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	-	Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf RITTER]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	uninhabited (July 2006 est.)	33,436 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-	0.86% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Telephones - main lines in use	-	19,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	11,400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Terrain	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Total fertility rate	-	1.51 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	1.3% (September 2002)
Waterways	-	28 km (2004)

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